The contentions that (1)many of the same standards of what's ethical and what's unethical resonate with peoples of most societies regardless of local traditions and cultural norms and (2)to the extent there is common moral agreement about right and wrong actions, common ethical standards can be used to judge the conduct of personnel at companies operating in a variety of country markets and cultural circumstances, are defining beliefs of which of the following?

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The contentions mentioned in the question are defining beliefs of the school of ethical universalism. Ethical universalism holds that there are universal moral standards that apply to all individuals and societies, regardless of local traditions and cultural norms. This view is contrasted with ethical relativism, which holds that ethical values are relative to the culture and society in which they are held. Integrative social contracts theory acknowledges that there may be common ethical standards among cultures, but it also emphasizes the importance of local agreements and norms in determining ethical behavior.

The Contentions That (1)many of the Same Standards of What's