Which of the Following Is NOT a Principal Offensive Strategy

Which of the following is NOT a principal offensive strategy option?

A) leapfrogging competitors by being first to market with next-generation products
B) using hit-and-run or guerrilla warfare tactics to grab sales and market share
C) launching a preemptive strike to secure an advantageous position that rivals are prevented or discouraged from duplicating
D) pursuing continuous product innovation to draw sales and market share away from rivals
E) blocking the avenues open to challengers