Being First to Initiate a Particular Strategic Move Can Have

Being first to initiate a particular strategic move can have a high payoff in all of the following EXCEPT when

A) pioneering helps build up a firm's image and reputation and creates strong brand loyalty.
B) buyers remain strongly loyal to pioneering firms because of incentives and switching costs barriers.
C) there is a steep learning curve and when learning can be kept proprietary.
D) moving first can constitute a preemptive strike, making imitation extra hard or unlikely.
E) market uncertainties make it difficult to ascertain what will eventually succeed.