Emily and Steffi Work at Education Yours, a Nonprofit Educational

Emily and Steffi work at Education Yours, a nonprofit educational institution. Last month, Steffi, newly hired on a temporary teaching assignment, was asked by her supervisor to teach an online course. Being new to online teaching, Steffi is considering her efficacy. She talks to Emily and other individuals who have been teaching online for several years. Emily takes pride in her teaching and always approaches her teaching with total enthusiasm. Emily tells Steffi that she believes exerting a high level of effort will result in a successful performance in her online teaching. Which of the following best describes Emily's belief about exerting a high level of effort?

A) Valence
B) Equity
C) Expectancy
D) Instrumentality
E) Emotional cues