The separation of genes during the formation of the sperm and egg and the reunion of genes at fertilization is explained by the behavior of chromosomes in a form of cell division called meiosis.

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Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that results in the formation of four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a unique combination of genetic information. This process of genetic recombination is what allows for the production of sperm and egg cells with new combinations of genes. When a sperm and egg unite at fertilization, the chromosomes from each parent come together, forming a new individual with a unique combination of inherited traits.

The Separation of Genes During the Formation of the Sperm