Mutagenic chemicals that ____ and are incorporated into DNA or RNA during synthesis are called base analogs.

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Base analogs are chemicals that resemble nucleotides and can be incorporated into DNA or RNA during synthesis, leading to mutations. They can cause base pair substitutions, as they pair with the wrong base during replication, or induce frameshift mutations by disrupting the reading frame of the genetic code. However, they do not cause deletion mutations, which can result from other types of mutagens.

Mutagenic Chemicals That ____ and Are Incorporated into DNA or RNA