James Goes to a Dentist to Have a Tooth Extracted

James goes to a dentist to have a tooth extracted.James never signs a written contract for this service,and he and the dentist never made an oral agreement either.Later,the dentist bills James who refuses to pay.The dentist sues James.Which of the following is true?

A) The dentist can recover under quasi-contract.
B) The dentist cannot recover under an implied contract theory.
C) The dentist can recover under the doctrine of promissory estoppel.
D) The dentist cannot recover because there was no express contract here.