The fundamental source of instability in the Balkans in the 1990s was

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The breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, with its complex mix of ethnic and religious groups, led to a series of conflicts and tensions throughout the Balkans that lasted for much of the 1990s. This included the wars in Croatia, Bosnia, and Kosovo, as well as smaller-scale conflicts in Macedonia and Montenegro. These conflicts were driven by a mix of historical grievances, nationalism, and ethnic tension, and were characterized by atrocities committed by all sides. While poverty and energy supply were also factors in the region's instability, they were not the fundamental source of conflicts. German and Italian ambitions in the area were not significant factors at this time, although they had been in the years leading up to World War II. Conflict between Orthodox Christians and Catholics was also not a primary cause of instability, although it did play a role in some of the conflicts in the region.

The Fundamental Source of Instability in the Balkans in the 1990s