What Is the Goal of Signaling a Challenger That Strong

What is the goal of signaling a challenger that strong retaliation is likely in the event of an attack?

A) To reduce costs of value chain activities.
B) Cause the challenger to begin the attack instead of waiting.
C) Divert the challenger to use less threatening options.
D) To create collaborative relationships with challengers.
E) To insulate other firms from adverse impacts resulting from the challenge.