Roberto is a hardworking employee who has never received a reward for his good work from his boss.As a result,Roberto never expects his good work to be rewarded.According to the expectancy theory,Roberto's lack of expectation of being rewarded reveals:
A) low valence for the outcome.
B) low instrumentality.
C) high instrumentality.
D) high valence for the outcome.
E) high expectancy.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

According to the expectancy theory, instrumentality refers to the belief that a particular performance level or behavior will lead to specific outcomes or rewards. In this case, since Roberto has never received a reward for his good work, he has low instrumentality, meaning that he does not believe that his good work will lead to rewards. This is indicated by his lack of expectation of being rewarded.

Roberto Is a Hardworking Employee Who Has Never Received a Reward