Addressing two long-standing sources of constitutional ferment,three-judge panels of the Ninth U.S.Circuit Court of Appeals in 2010 ruled that the use of the words "Under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance and "In God We Trust" on U.S.currency do not violate the separation of church and state principles of the _____.

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Addressing two long-standing sources of constitutional ferment,three-judge panels of the Ninth U.S.Circuit Court of Appeals in 2010 ruled that the use of the words "Under God" in the Pledge of Allegiance and "In God We Trust" on U.S.currency do not violate the separation of church and state principles of the First Amendment.Indeed,the pledge was amended in 1954 to include the words "Under God," and some members of
Congress,at the time,said it was needed to distinguish the United States from "Godless Communists."

Addressing Two Long-Standing Sources of Constitutional Ferment,three-Judge Panels of the Ninth