The idea that society is organized in layers or strata is called:

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Social stratification refers to the division of society into different layers or strata based on factors such as wealth, income, education, occupation, and social status. Sociology is the study of society, but it encompasses many other aspects beyond just stratification. Social organization and interaction are related concepts, but they do not capture the idea of stratification in the same way that social stratification does. Social archaeology is the study of past societies and cultures through their physical remains, and is not directly related to the concept of stratification in contemporary societies.

The Idea That Society Is Organized in Layers or Strata