When governments and big corporations routinely attack journalists who depart from official and corporate points of view,they are using what Hermann and Chomsky call:

Question

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Flak refers to the negative responses and attacks that are made against journalists who do not follow official or corporate narratives. This can include verbal or written criticism, threats, or other forms of pressure to conform to the preferred point of view. Hermann and Chomsky identified flak as one of the five filters used to shape media coverage, alongside ownership, advertising, sourcing, and anti-communist ideology.

When Governments and Big Corporations Routinely Attack Journalists Who Depart