For most former slaves, freedom first and foremost meant:

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For most former slaves, freedom first and foremost meant land ownership. This was because owning land was a symbol of independence and economic freedom. It also meant that they could provide for themselves and their families without being dependent on others. This was a major goal for many former slaves during and after the Civil War. While jobs, voting, and jury duty were also important, land ownership was often seen as the most significant step towards true freedom. Railroad building was not a primary concern for most former slaves seeking freedom.

For Most Former Slaves, Freedom First and Foremost Meant