To obtain greater flexibility and to respond more quickly to the environment,organizations are adopting

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Flat structures are characterized by fewer levels of hierarchy and greater decentralization of decision-making. This allows for greater flexibility and quicker response to the environment, as employees are empowered to make decisions and take actions without needing to seek approval from multiple layers of management. Technology can also be leveraged to further facilitate communication and collaboration within a flat structure. Traditional bureaucratic approaches and tall structures, on the other hand, are more rigid and hierarchical, which can slow down decision-making and limit agility. TQM philosophy may be beneficial for improving processes and quality, but it is not directly related to organizational structure.

To Obtain Greater Flexibility and to Respond More Quickly to the Environment,organizations