The rise of the Ottoman Empire before 1300

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The rise of the Ottoman Empire before 1300, ultimately spanning Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, profoundly influenced the emerging trade routes for people, goods, money, animals, and microorganisms that spanned from England to China, across the Mediterranean and Northern Africa, and through Central Asia and the Indian Ocean region. The powerful central location of the Ottomans within this trading web had the effect of raising the cost of Asian trade for Europeans and thus drove a search for sea routes to Asia, including the expeditions that discovered the Americas.

The Rise of the Ottoman Empire Before 1300