As epidermal cells move up through the strata away from their blood supply, they die and become keratinized.

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As epidermal cells move up through the layers (strata) of the skin, they become increasingly flattened and produce large amounts of keratin. Eventually, these cells lose their nuclei, organelles, and ability to metabolize, and die, forming the tough, protective outer layer of the skin called the stratum corneum. Since they are distant from blood vessels and nutrients, the cells in the stratum corneum tend to be very resistant to damage and decay.

As Epidermal Cells Move Up Through the Strata Away from Their