In most environments, the nutrient concentrations outside the cell are lower than inside the cell. How can a microbial cell obtain nutrients if the concentration gradient is NOT favorable?

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Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Active, ATP-dependent transport is needed when the concentration gradient is not favorable, as it allows the cell to move nutrients against the concentration gradient. Facilitated diffusion requires a concentration gradient to move nutrients from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Swimming and tumbling do not help with nutrient acquisition, and biofilms are a way for microbes to form a supportive community but do not help with nutrient acquisition in this scenario.

In Most Environments, the Nutrient Concentrations Outside the Cell Are