Question 1

Which of the following is caused by a fungus?

Accepted Answer

Blastomycosis is caused by a fungus called Blastomyces dermatitidis, which is found in soil and affects the lungs or other parts of the body. Folliculitis is usually caused by bacteria, trichomoniasis is caused by a parasite, listeriosis is caused by a bacteria, and Lyme disease is caused by a bacteria transmitted by ticks.

Question 2

German measles and __________ are different names describing the same disease.

Accepted Answer

German measles and rubella are different names for the same disease.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of influenza?

Accepted Answer

While a runny nose may be a symptom of the common cold or other respiratory illnesses, it is not a common symptom of influenza. The other options listed are all typical symptoms of the flu.

Question 4

Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is a weakened strain used to vaccinate against:

Accepted Answer

Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is a vaccine used to protect against tuberculosis.

Question 5

What will be the result of a tuberculin skin test for an AIDS patient with an active tuberculosis disease?

Accepted Answer

AIDS patients often have a compromised immune system, which can lead to a false negative result in a tuberculin skin test, even if they have active tuberculosis.

Question 6

The major challenge with treating flesh-eating disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes is that:

Accepted Answer

Rapid necrosis of infected tissue limits access, making it difficult to deliver antibiotics to the affected area. Even with antibiotics, the infected tissue may need to be surgically removed to prevent the spread of the disease. The other options (A, B, C, and D) are not valid reasons for the major challenge with treating flesh-eating disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.

Question 7

Bacterial infections of the lung that arise secondary to viral disease are attributable in part to:

Accepted Answer

Viral infections can lead to dehydration of the respiratory tract, which impairs the function of the mucociliary escalator. This can allow bacteria to colonize and infect the lungs.

Question 8

All of the following are true for a positive tuberculin skin test EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A positive tuberculin skin test does not signify active disease in all patients. It indicates latent tuberculosis, which means the person has been infected but the bacteria are not currently active and causing symptoms.

Question 9

Most diarrheal diseases are of what origin?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most diarrheal diseases are of what origin?
...

Question 10

A __________ disease is an infection that normally affects animals but that can be transmitted to humans.

Accepted Answer

A zoonotic disease is one that is naturally transmitted from animals to humans, such as Rabies, Lassa fever, and Avian influenza. Herd disease refers to diseases that affect animals only, while fulminating disease means a severe and rapidly progressing disorder. Recurrent or cyclic disease refers to conditions that have periodic flare-ups or remissions, and community-acquired infections are those that a person acquires from the general population rather than a specific source or event.

Question 11

Which of the following is caused by a viral pathogen?

Accepted Answer

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a viral pathogen, specifically a coronavirus. Options A, B, and C are caused by bacterial pathogens, and option D is caused by a type of bacteria found in water systems.

Question 12

Which of the following does NOT pertain to influenza disease?

Accepted Answer

Runny nose is a characteristic symptom of the common cold, not influenza. Symptoms of influenza include fever, cough, fatigue, body aches, and sometimes vomiting and diarrhea.

Question 13

Which of the following pathogens does NOT cause diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pyogenes is a bacteria that typically causes strep throat, skin infections, and other non-gastrointestinal infections. It does not cause diarrhea. The other options (A, B, C, and E) are all pathogens that can cause diarrhea.

Question 14

MRSA infections are typically treated with __________.

Accepted Answer

MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) infections are resistant to many antibiotics including penicillin, tetracycline, ciproflaxacin, and amoxicillins. Vancomycin is usually the drug of choice to treat MRSA infections.

Question 15

Rubeola measles is caused by __________ virus.

Accepted Answer

Rubeola measles is caused by the paramyxovirus. The other choices are not associated with measles.

Question 16

What disease is caused without an infection?

Accepted Answer

Staphylococcal food poisoning is caused by ingesting toxins produced by Staphylococcus bacteria, not by an infection with the bacteria itself.

Question 17

Toxic shock syndrome is associated with which of the following:

Accepted Answer

Toxic shock syndrome is associated with the production of superantigens by some Gram-positive cocci, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. These superantigens stimulate an exaggerated immune response, leading to symptoms of toxic shock syndrome. Conversely, choices A, B, D, and E are associated with other medical conditions and are not directly related to toxic shock syndrome.

Question 18

Streptococcus pneumoniae causes all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae does not cause necrotizing fasciitis. It is primarily associated with infections of the respiratory tract, causing diseases such as meningitis, lobar pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, and bacteremia.

Question 19

Many infectious diseases display similar __________, making diagnosis difficult.

Accepted Answer

Similar symptoms can make it difficult to diagnose infectious diseases, as they may present with similar clinical features. Syndromes are a group of symptoms that often occur together but do not necessarily provide a specific diagnosis. Vectors are organisms that transmit pathogens from one host to another. Disease mechanisms refer to the way in which a disease develops in the body, whereas modes of transmission refer to how the disease spreads from one person to another.

Question 20

A 15-year-old female was said to have Koplik's spots after a doctor's examination. This suggests that she has __________.

Accepted Answer

Koplik's spots are small white spots with a blue-red halo that appear on the inside of the cheeks and are a classic symptom of measles caused by the rubeola virus.

Quiz 26: Microbial Diseases