Female juvenile inmates develop subcultures to cope with the stress and difficulties of confinement.These subcultures are called:

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Pseudo families refer to the formation of surrogate families or sisterhoods among female juveniles in detention to provide support, protection, and comfort. These subcultures help the inmates cope with the dehumanizing and oppressive environment of confinement. Gangs are more commonly associated with violence and criminal activity, whereas clusters and cohorts do not accurately capture the nature of these subcultures among female juvenile inmates.

Female Juvenile Inmates Develop Subcultures to Cope with the Stress