When microbes are in a close nutritional relationship,and one benefits but the other is not harmed,it is called

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In commensalism, one organism benefits while the other is not affected either positively or negatively. This fits the scenario described in the question where one microbe benefits while the other is not harmed. Symbiosis refers to a close and long-term interaction between two different species, while mutualism and synergism both imply that both organisms benefit from the relationship. Satellitism refers to a relationship in which one microbe requires the metabolic products of another microbe to grow, which is not the case in the scenario described in the question.

When Microbes Are in a Close Nutritional Relationship,and One Benefits