Which one of the following was primarily responsible for the decline of the Principality of Kiev?

Question

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The decline of the Principality of Kiev was primarily due to a combination of internal struggles and external invaders. As the ruling dynasty weakened, the internal conflicts among the boyars and other aristocrats intensified, leading to political instability and weakening the state. External invasions by the Mongols and other neighboring peoples also further weakened the principality and contributed to its decline. While Viking invasions, conversion to Christianity, the expansion of the Cumans under Yaroslav the Wise, and even the rebellion of the boyars may have played a role, they were not the primary factors in Kiev's decline.

Which One of the Following Was Primarily Responsible for the Decline