Mike is driving 15 miles over the posted speed limit when he is pulled over by Tom, a local police officer. As Tom approaches the car, he hears Kathy in the front seat moaning in pain. Mike tells Tom that Kathy is in labor and that he is rushing to the hospital. Tom issues Mike a speeding ticket, nevertheless. Tom's ethical approach in this matter most closely matches:

Question

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To a formalist, a particular act is in itself right or wrong, always and in every situation. For example, lying is wrong. There are no justifications for it, and its wrongness does not depend on the situation in which the lie is told.

Mike Is Driving 15 Miles Over the Posted Speed Limit