Which of the Following Is the Most Accurate Characterization of Stakeholder

Which of the following is the most accurate characterization of stakeholder theory?

A) an approach to understanding a firm as embedded in a network of internal and external constituencies that each make contributions and expect consideration in return
B) an approach to understanding a firm as being in a highly competitive industry, which requires the use of effective market capitalization to gain a competitive advantage
C) an approach to understanding a firm, which involves balancing tangible assets and intangible assets to achieve high accounting profitability
D) an approach to understanding a firm, which involves balancing multiple internal and external performance metrics in order to gain a competitive advantage