The Critics of Top-Down Strategic Planning and Scenario Planning Argue

The critics of top-down strategic planning and scenario planning argue that

A) the strategies developed through these approaches are primarily based on an inspirational vision and not on hard data.
B) these approaches do not believe that we can predict the future from the past.
C) the development of strategies through these approaches is highly dependent on experience of front-line employees.
D) these approaches do not allow for the necessary strategic thinking.