Lester Frank Ward was a sociologist who rejected the application of Darwinian laws to human society.

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Ward believed that humans have the capacity to shape their societies through conscious effort, and that the principles of cooperation and mutual aid are just as important as, if not more important than, competition in human social evolution. He argued that social progress was not simply a matter of natural selection, but rather the result of deliberate human intervention and the cumulative effects of cultural and technological innovation over time.

Lester Frank Ward Was a Sociologist Who Rejected the Application