To be confident that a cause-and-effect relationship exists, it is necessary to
A)engage in naturalistic observation.
B)develop a positive correlation.
C)perform a controlled experiment.
D)conduct a survey.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Controlled experiments involve manipulating one variable and observing the effect on another variable while controlling for extraneous variables. This allows us to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the manipulated variable and the observed effect. Naturalistic observation, correlational studies, and surveys do not provide the level of control necessary to establish causation.

To Be Confident That a Cause-And-Effect Relationship Exists, It Is