Question 1

Dollard and Miller agree with Freud that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dollard and Miller agree with Freud that
...

Question 2

Which of the following statements would be associated with high rates of self-reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

High rates of self-reinforcement are associated with the ability to find satisfaction in one's actions, even if they are not perfect. This is reflected in choice C. Choices A and D indicate a lack of consistent self-confidence and self-esteem, while choice B suggests a negative attitude towards self-praise.

Question 3

Dollard and Miller believed that the first six years are important to personality development because childhood is a time

Accepted Answer

Dollard and Miller believed that the first six years are important to personality development because this is a time when urgent drives, powerful rewards and punishments, and crushing frustrations shape the child's personality. They placed a great emphasis on the role of learning experiences, especially those related to basic drives and needs, in shaping personality.

Question 4

Which of the following concepts would NOT be a part of the social learning theory of personality?

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization is a concept from humanistic psychology which emphasizes personal growth and fulfilling one's potential, and is not typically included in social learning theory, which focuses on how individuals learn from others in their social environment. Choices A, B, and D are all key concepts in social learning theory.

Question 5

The social learning theorist's equivalent to the Freudian concept of superego is

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The answer of The social learning theorist's equivalent to the...

Question 6

A behaviorist would emphasize the importance of early childhood because

Accepted Answer

Behaviorists focus on observable behaviors and the environment's role in shaping them. Early childhood is crucial because experiences during this time significantly influence behavior through learning and conditioning.

Question 7

Regarding self-reinforcement, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Self-reinforcement is not related to fixation, which is a term used in psychoanalytic theories to describe developmentally arrested psychological development. Self-reinforcement is a concept in social learning theory that refers to the process of rewarding oneself for desirable behavior, which is associated with positive psychological outcomes like higher self-esteem, life satisfaction, and less depression.

Question 8

Concerning self-reinforcement, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Concerning self-reinforcement, which of the following statements...

Question 9

The notion of self-reinforcement is important in the accounts of personality development provided by

Accepted Answer

The notion of self-reinforcement is a key factor in the accounts of personality development provided by social learning theorists, who emphasize the role of cognitive processes and observational learning in shaping behavior and personality. Traditional behaviorists focus on the influence of environmental reinforcement, while neo-Freudians and humanistic theorists place greater emphasis on unconscious and subjective factors such as the influence of early childhood experiences and the pursuit of self-actualization, respectively.

Question 10

Gayle made a 98 on her term paper for psychology class.So, she treats herself to a manicure to reward herself for a job well done.Gayle is using

Accepted Answer

Gayle is using self-reinforcement by rewarding herself for achieving a high grade on her term paper. Self-reinforcement involves providing a reward or punishment to oneself as a way of influencing behavior.

Question 11

The fact that James allows himself one play on a video game after studying a half an hour illustrates the concept of _____ in social learning theory.

Accepted Answer

Self-reinforcement refers to the process of rewarding oneself for behaviors that are perceived as desirable. In this case, James is rewarding himself with one play on a video game after studying for half an hour, which qualifies as self-reinforcement. The other options (situational determinants, expectancy, and self-efficacy) do not accurately describe James' behavior in this scenario.

Question 12

According to Bandura, _____ play a key role in shaping our lives by influencing the activities and environments we choose to get into.

Accepted Answer

Bandura's theory of self-efficacy emphasizes the importance of beliefs about our own abilities to influence our behavior and choices. Individuals with high self-efficacy are more likely to engage in challenging activities and persevere in the face of obstacles. This, in turn, can lead to greater success and satisfaction in various domains of life. Therefore, self-efficacy plays a key role in shaping our lives by influencing the activities and environments we choose to get into.

Question 13

When Anthony gets a test paper back on which he earned an A, phrases like, "atta boy" and "good going" pop into his head; and he feels a sense of pride in his accomplishments.This illustrates the social learning concept of

Accepted Answer

The social learning concept of self-reinforcement describes the process of responding to our own behavior with positive or negative consequences, which can increase or decrease the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future. In this scenario, Anthony's internal phrases of "atta boy" and "good going" are examples of self-reinforcement, as he is positively reinforcing his accomplishment of earning an A on the test.

Question 14

Albert Bandura believes that one of the most important expectancies we develop concerns our capacity for producing a desired result.He called this concept

Accepted Answer

Albert Bandura's concept about our capacity for producing a desired result is known as self-efficacy. Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to achieve a specific goal or task. It is a key concept in social cognitive theory and has been extensively studied in the fields of psychology and education. Self-efficacy can affect our motivation, behavior, and well-being, and is influenced by various factors such as past experiences, social support, and feedback.

Question 15

Jill was invited to go snowboarding, an activity she has not done before.Jill believes she has the ability to learn snowboarding and keep up with her more experienced friends because she is a fast learner.Bandura would say that Jill shows high

Accepted Answer

Bandura's theory of self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to successfully perform a task or achieve a goal. In this scenario, Jill's belief that she can learn snowboarding and keep up with her friends is an example of high self-efficacy.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is NOT associated with high rates of self-reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

Statement C suggests that an individual may not engage in self-reinforcement due to a fear of being seen as boastful. The other statements suggest a positive attitude towards self-reinforcement and the benefits it can provide for personal growth and development.

Question 17

In the behavioristic view of development, the core of personality is shaped by early learning experiences and by _____, which consists of praise, attention, and approval from others.

Accepted Answer

In the behavioristic view, personality is primarily shaped by external factors, such as environmental stimuli and social reinforcement. Social reinforcement, which includes praise, attention, and approval from others, plays a significant role in shaping behavior and personality. The other options listed (congruence, superego, self-efficacy) are not core concepts in behaviorism.

Question 18

According to the behaviorists, early childhood is a time of urgent drives, crushing frustrations, and

Accepted Answer

According to behaviorists, early childhood is characterized by the powerful influence of punishments and rewards, including social reinforcement. They believe that children learn through trial and error, with behaviors that are followed by positive outcomes being reinforced and those followed by negative outcomes being punished. Therefore, the correct choice is D - powerful punishments and rewards, including social reinforcement.

Question 19

Social reinforcement has a strong influence on personality development because

Accepted Answer

Social reinforcement, which is the praise, attention, or approval from others, plays a significant role in shaping and reinforcing certain behaviors and traits, ultimately influencing personality development. Social reinforcement can come in various forms such as positive feedback, rewards, and encouragement. The positive social reinforcement for desirable behaviors and traits encourages their manifestation and continuation, while lack of social reinforcement for undesirable behaviors can lead to their elimination.

Question 20

You are planning to get your doctorate in psychology.Do you believe you will be able to make the sacrifices, study long hours, conduct research, and write a dissertation? If you do, then Bandura would say that you have a high degree of

Accepted Answer

Bandura's theory of self-efficacy suggests that individuals who believe in their ability to succeed in a specific task or goal are more likely to put forth effort and persist in the face of challenges or obstacles. Therefore, if someone believes they can make the necessary sacrifices, do the required studying, conduct research, and write a dissertation to earn their doctorate in psychology, they have a high degree of self-efficacy.

Quiz 12: Extension B: Personality