Pain avoidance is unusual among the primary drives because it is
A)episodic rather than cyclic.
B)affected by attitudes and learning.
C)characterized by avoidance rather than goal-seeking.
D)characterized by all of these.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Pain avoidance is a complex and multifaceted drive that is affected by attitudes, learning, and personal experiences. It is episodic in the sense that it typically arises only when there is a specific threat or danger to the organism, but it is not cyclic like other primary drives such as hunger or thirst. Pain avoidance is characterized by avoidance rather than goal-seeking, as the primary motivation is to escape or reduce the aversive stimulus (pain). Therefore, D is the best choice as it includes all of these characteristics.

Pain Avoidance Is Unusual Among the Primary Drives Because It