At the preconventional level of moral development,which of the following motivate(s)behavior?

Question

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At the preconventional level, individuals are motivated by self-interest and obey rules to avoid punishment or gain rewards. They have not yet developed a sense of abstract values or universal principles of right and wrong, nor are they focused on living up to social expectations or conforming to personality traits. Instead, their moral reasoning is based on the consequences of their actions for themselves.

At the Preconventional Level of Moral Development,which of the Following