Punishment in the Criminal Justice System Occurs When an Agent

Punishment in the criminal justice system occurs when an agent of the government intentionally

A) causes the convicted individual to forfeit family ties and friendships and embark on a lengthy period of spiritual penitence.
B) scares the convicted individual into thinking that his or her sentence will be much longer than it actually is.
C) gives the convicted individual the option of suffering either physically or emotionally for a given period of time.
D) inflicts pain on the convicted individual or otherwise causes him or her to suffer some consequence that is ordinarily considered to be unpleasant.