The current U.S. income tax system requires taxpayers to pay a higher marginal tax rate on higher levels of taxable income. Suppose that the tax rate is 10% on the first $15,000 of taxable income, 15% on the next $45,000 of taxable income, 30% on the next $60,000 of taxable income, and 35% on taxable income above $120,000. Suppose the tax code also includes provisions that allow taxpayers to reduce the income on which they are taxed, and that those provisions most often apply to the richest taxpayers. These provisions tend to make the tax code:

Question

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The provisions that allow the richest taxpayers to reduce their taxable income make the tax code less progressive, as they effectively lower the tax burden on higher-income individuals.

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