Based on Some Ideas Expressed in His Psychology Class, John $\text { Chi-square Contingency Table Test for Independence }$

Based on some ideas expressed in his psychology class, John decided to test a hypothesis about the possible relationship between parent dominance and political views. He used a survey of 189 statistics students to prepare the cross-tabulation and chi-square analysis shown below. Discuss John's results using concepts you learned in this chapter. Note any potential problems or concerns in the analysis, and suggest possible improvements.
                    $\text { Chi-square Contingency Table Test for Independence }$
                                    $\text { Dominant Parent }$

$\begin{array}{|lc|r|r|r|r|r|r|}&&\text { Mothar } & & \text { Neither } & & \text { Father } \\\text { Polcical Orientation }&&1&2 &3 & 4&5 & \text { Total } \\\hline \text { Liberal } & \text { Observed } & 7 & 5 & 19 & 9 & 4 & 44 \\& \text { Expected } & 3.96 & 4.89 & 19.56 & 10.48 & 5.12 & 44.00 \\\hline \text { Middle-of-Road } & \text { Observed } & 7 & 12 & 39 & 23 & 10 & 91 \\& \text { Expected } & 8.19 & 10.11 & 40.44 & 21.67 & 10.59 & 91.00 \\\hline \text { Conservative } & \text { Observed } & 3 & 4 & 26 & 13 & 8 & 54 \\& \text { Expected } & 4.86 & 6.00 & 24.00 & 12.86 & 6.29 & 54.00 \\\hline \text { Total } & \text { Observed } & 17 & 21 & 84 & 45 & 22 & 189 \\& \text { Expected } & 17.00 & 21.00 & 84.00 & 45.00 & 22.00 & 189.00 \\\hline\end{array}$

$5.51$ chi-square
8 df
$.7014 \mathrm{p}$ -value