The current U.S.income tax system requires taxpayers to pay a higher marginal tax rate on higher levels of taxable income.Suppose that the tax rate is 10% on the first $15,000 of taxable income,15% on the next $45,000 of taxable income,30% on the next $60,000 of taxable income,and 35% on taxable income above $120,000.
Suppose that the tax code also includes provisions that allow taxpayers to reduce the income on which they are taxed,and that those provisions most often apply only to the wealthiest taxpayers.These provisions tend to make the tax code

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The provisions that allow taxpayers to reduce their taxable income are typically only available to the wealthiest taxpayers, making the tax code less progressive. This is because these taxpayers can reduce their taxable income to lower tax brackets or avoid paying taxes altogether. Therefore, the tax burden is shifted to lower-income taxpayers, making the system less progressive.

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