The relationship between measures of association and causal relations between variables may be summarized as
A)association proves causation.
B)association does not prove causation.
C)association and causation are unrelated concepts.
D)measures of association can be used only for prediction,never as evidence of a causal relationship between variables.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Measures of association (such as correlation coefficients) can show a relationship between variables, but they cannot prove causation. There may be other variables or factors that are affecting both variables that are being measured, so it is important to use additional methods to establish causation, such as experiments or analysis of causal mechanisms.

The Relationship Between Measures of Association and Causal Relations Between