The crowding of women, African Americans, and certain ethnic groups into less-desirable, lower-paying occupations is

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Occupational segregation refers to the phenomenon where certain groups are overrepresented in certain occupations and industries while underrepresented in others. This can lead to lower pay and less desirable working conditions. Women, African Americans, and certain ethnic groups often face occupational segregation, which perpetuates income and wealth inequality. The other options are not as applicable in this context. Employment discrimination refers to unfair treatment in hiring or promotion, human capital discrimination refers to differential treatment based on skills or qualifications, and statistical discrimination refers to the use of group-based characteristics to make assumptions about individuals.

The Crowding of Women, African Americans, and Certain Ethnic Groups