Hartley described the nervous system as composed of hollow tubes and animal spirits.

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David Hartley, an 18th-century philosopher and founder of the Associationist school of psychology, did not describe the nervous system as composed of hollow tubes filled with animal spirits; this concept is more closely associated with earlier theories of nerve function, such as those proposed by René Descartes. Hartley's theory, known as the doctrine of vibrations, suggested that nerves transmit vibrations to the brain.

Hartley Described the Nervous System as Composed of Hollow Tubes