Tolman learned from Holt and Perry that the ____ aspects of behavior could be studied without sacrificing scientific objectively.

Question

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Tolman believed that behavior has a purposive nature and can be studied objectively, without the need to reduce it to simple stimulus-response relationships (S-R) or molecular components. He emphasized the importance of cognitive processes and the role of expectations and goals in behavior, which are related to its purposive aspect. Therefore, choice A) "purposive" is the best option. Choice B) is also relevant, as Tolman's work contributed to the development of cognitive psychology, but it does not capture his particular emphasis on purposive behavior. Choice C) "molecular" is not related to Tolman's approach, as he focused on the organization and meaning of behavior rather than its basic components. Choice D) "S-R" is explicitly rejected by Tolman as a limited approach to behavior that does not account for mental processes or the adaptive goals that guide behavior.

Tolman Learned from Holt and Perry That the ____ Aspects