Overall income disparity can be measured by the

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The Gini Index is a widely accepted measure of income inequality. It ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 representing perfect equality (when everyone has equal income) and 1 representing perfect inequality (when one person has all the income and the others have none). Therefore, the higher the Gini Index, the greater the level of income inequality in a country. Conversely, a lower Gini Index suggests that the income distribution is more equitable. The other options do not measure income inequality directly. GDP and GNI measure the size of the economy, while the growth rate of real GDP and population growth rate are indicators of economic growth and demographic changes, respectively.

Overall Income Disparity Can Be Measured by the