The attempt by Al-Qaeda terrorists to board a train between Belgium and France with machine guns was an example of the "rational terrorist's"

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The substitution effect in the context of terrorism refers to the idea that when one target becomes too difficult to attack due to increased security or other protective measures, terrorists will substitute their target for another that is less defended or presents a higher chance of successful attack. In this scenario, the attempt by Al-Qaeda terrorists to board a train with machine guns can be seen as a substitution effect, where terrorists might have shifted their focus to a target they perceived as more vulnerable or offering a higher likelihood of success, given increased security measures elsewhere.

The Attempt by Al-Qaeda Terrorists to Board a Train Between