The radicalization of U.S. citizens as individuals and having them target lightly defended places (such as a San Bernardino office and Orlando's Pulse nightclub)are examples of the "rational terrorist's"

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The "substitution effect" refers to the strategy where terrorists, facing increased security measures at high-profile targets, opt for attacking less defended, softer targets instead. This approach is seen in the radicalization of individuals in the U.S. who then target places like a San Bernardino office or Orlando's Pulse nightclub, as these locations are less fortified and easier to attack compared to more secure, high-profile targets.

The Radicalization of U