In a heroin user, when can a negative reinforcement of drug-taking behaviour occur?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement occurs when a behavior is strengthened by the removal or avoidance of a negative consequence. In the case of heroin use, withdrawal symptoms can be highly unpleasant, so when another injection alleviates these symptoms, it strengthens the behavior of drug-taking. The other options (A, B, and D) all involve either a punishment (overdose), initial exposure to the drug (trying for the first time), or a stimulus that may trigger cravings (seeing a needle or syringe), none of which involve negative reinforcement.

In a Heroin User, When Can a Negative Reinforcement of Drug-Taking