In the long history of slavery in Western civilization,the basic patterns of slavery were not racialized (in other words,directly related to ethnicity or skin color)until:

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Slavery had existed in Western civilizations for centuries before the transatlantic slave trade began. However, it was not until Lisbon became a significant market for enslaved Africans in the middle of the fifteenth century that the basic patterns of slavery began to be racialized. Europeans justified their enslavement of Africans by defining them as fundamentally different and inferior due to their skin color and cultural practices. This racialization of slavery would have far-reaching and devastating consequences for generations to come.

In the Long History of Slavery in Western Civilization,the Basic