By the 1970s,the driving force in criticism and defiance of autocratic Arab regimes:
A) was the Cementer, or Fourth Communist International, which had gained a great many followers among the poor in the Middle East.
B) was the group of intellectuals and middle-class businesspeople who had been inspired by the United States and its stand against communism.
C) was the Palestine Liberation Organization under Yasser Arafat and its struggle against Israel.
D) was an emerging form of radical Islam, which wanted to see the establishment of religious states.
E) was the example set by the Democratic-Islamic of Iran that sent its students to universities throughout the Arab world.

Question

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By the 1970s, radical Islam had emerged as a driving force in criticism and defiance of autocratic Arab regimes. This movement sought the establishment of religious states and challenged the secular ideologies and policies of ruling governments. This was reflected in the rise of groups such as the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt and the Islamic Revolution in Iran.

By the 1970s,the Driving Force in Criticism and Defiance of Autocratic