Robert Michels Suggests That the Reasons for Oligarchical Tendencies Found

Robert Michels suggests that the reasons for oligarchical tendencies found in formal organizations include

A) the existence of hierarchical structures with authority exercised upward from the bottom.
B) the advantages that organization officials have over the other group members.
C) the lack of officials' control over administrative resources.
D) the lack of officials' control over communication networks.