Which of the Following Is Not a Definition of SCM

Which of the following is not a definition of SCM?

A) SCM is an integrating philosophy to manage the total flow of a distribution channel from supplier to the ultimate customer.
B) SCM encompasses integrative management of the sequential flow of logistical, conversion and service activities from vendors to ultimate consumers necessary to produce a product of service efficiently and effectively.
C) SCM is a strategic concept that involves the understanding and managing of the sequence of activities - from supplier to customer - that add value to the product supply chain.
D) Supply chain management is the mathematical optimization of the supply chain system using formulas derived from operations research theory.
E) Supply chain management is the collaborative effort of multiple channel members to design, implement, and manage seamless value-added processes to meet the real needs of the end customer.