Epinephrine activates the cyclic AMP pathway in liver cells.Therefore,epinephrine
A)Probably binds a specific transmembrane receptor in these cells
B)Elicits its response in liver cells through second messengers
C)Probably binds a receptor in the nucleus of liver cells
D)Both probably binds a specific transmembrane receptor in these cells and elicits its response in liver cells through second messengers are correct
E)Both elicits its response in liver cells through second messengers and probably binds a receptor in the nucleus of liver cells are correct

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Epinephrine is a hydrophilic hormone and cannot pass through the cell membrane. Therefore, it is likely to bind to a transmembrane receptor on the surface of liver cells. This binding leads to the activation of a G protein-coupled receptor, which in turn activates the adenylate cyclase enzyme. Adenylate cyclase converts ATP to cyclic AMP (cAMP), which is a second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA). PKA phosphorylates target proteins, leading to the physiological response of the cell to epinephrine. Therefore, epinephrine activates the cyclic AMP pathway through second messengers.

Epinephrine Activates the Cyclic AMP Pathway in Liver Cells