If we levy a tax on profits that is neither shifted neither forward nor backward,it is

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A tax independent of output is a tax that cannot be passed on to consumers or suppliers, as it is not linked to the level of output produced or sold. Therefore, it cannot be shifted forward (to consumers) or backward (to suppliers). An input tax is a tax on inputs purchased by firms, while an output tax is a tax on the goods or services produced by firms. A tax dependent on output is a tax that is linked to the level of output produced or sold, such as a sales tax or a value-added tax (VAT).

If We Levy a Tax on Profits That Is Neither