By two to three months of age,most infants expect people to react positively when the infants initiate a behavior,such as a smile or a vocalization.This finding has been discovered using a method called the:

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The still-face paradigm is a research method in which a caregiver suddenly stops reacting to an infant's behavior and becomes unresponsive for a short period. This method has been used to demonstrate that infants as young as two to three months old expect people to react positively to their behavior, and become visibly upset or distressed when they do not receive a response.

By Two to Three Months of Age,most Infants Expect People