The Measured Union Wage Advantage May Overstate the Pure Union

The measured union wage advantage may overstate the pure union wage advantage because:

A) workers who lose their jobs in the union sector may seek and obtain jobs in the nonunion sector,reducing wage rates in the latter
B) nonunion employers may increase the wages they pay their workers to reduce the likelihood their firms will become unionized
C) workers who lose their jobs in the union sector may prefer to remain in the union sector,hoping to be recalled rather than accepting lower-paying nonunion wages
D) unionized plants tend to be less efficient,resulting in lower marginal products of union workers